{"id":15619,"date":"2022-06-08T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-08T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/content-manager\/?p=15619"},"modified":"2023-07-22T11:36:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T15:36:29","slug":"evolution-of-public-transit-nyc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/","title":{"rendered":"The Evolution of Public Transit in NYC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

We all know New Yorkers love to complain about the subway. However, our current transit system doesn\u2019t seem so bad when you consider that commuters in centuries past had to deal with such inconveniences as literal tons of horse dung<\/a> piled on street corners and risking life and limb dodging cable cars on Union Square\u2019s charmingly-named Dead Man\u2019s Curve<\/a>. In order to understand the extraordinary degree to which New York City\u2019s public transportation has evolved to be safer and more efficient, it\u2019s necessary to look back several centuries at how commuters used to get around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Horsepower Era<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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By Store Web page states: “Photo by B. J. FORD” – eBay store Web page<\/a>, Public Domain<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Many of what would become New York\u2019s major thoroughfares, including Broadway and Lafayette Street, were originally walking paths<\/a> used by the Lenape, Manhattan\u2019s indigenous people<\/a>, as trade routes. In the first several decades after Dutch colonizers established \u201cNew Amsterdam\u201d on the southern tip of Manhattan Island, the city was small enough to be navigable by foot. However, as New York became \u201cNew York\u201d and ballooned into the largest city on the continent<\/a>, it became more common for workers in the city to live upwards of a mile from their place of employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The city\u2019s earliest commuters got around primarily on horse and buggy, but the first true form of public transportation in New York was the horse-drawn omnibus<\/a>, a large stagecoach that could fit up to a dozen passengers. Beginning in 1827<\/a>, when the first public transit route was established, omnibuses started traversing a set course around the city each day. For the first time, commuters had a reliable and affordable means of catching a ride to work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the sheer number of horses necessary to keep Manhattan moving\u2014more than 150,000 by the late 19th century\u2014led to problems of its own. A horse generates about twenty-two pounds of manure per day, resulting in a total of 100,000 tons of feces<\/a> dumped on the city streets over the course of a year. Additionally, city living was hard on horses, and it was not uncommon for their bodies to be left in the street to rot<\/a> when they collapsed on the job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Streetcars and Cable Cars<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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By Credited to The Brown Brothers – w:The New York Times photo archive, via its online store here., Public Domain<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The public health crisis caused by Manhattan\u2019s swelling equine population created a pressing demand for a new form of transportation. The first step came in 1832 with the introduction of the horsecar<\/a>, a streamlined version of the omnibus that ran on metal tracks set directly into the ground rather than over the bumping paving stones of the streets themselves. These horse-drawn streetcars offered a smoother, faster ride than the omnibus and also required less horsepower. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The debut of New York\u2019s steam-powered cable car in 1883<\/a> finally offered commuters a horseless transportation option. To get around, these vehicles made use of a continuously-moving steam-propelled cable system<\/a> buried under the city streets: if conductors wished to stop, they simply had to disengage from the cable and wait for their car to come to a halt. While it was difficult to regulate their speed\u2014especially when it came to stopping on a dime\u2014cable cars were even faster and more efficient than horsecars.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another game changer was the implementation of the first electric streetcars in the 1890s, which began with Brooklyn\u2019s Coney Island Avenue Line<\/a> and quickly spread outward to consume the city. In fact, Brooklyn\u2019s baseball team was originally named the \u201cTrolley Dodgers\u201d<\/a> as an homage to the complex tangle of streetcar tracks their fans had to cross to gain access to the stadium. Edged out by electric streetcars and the city\u2019s early train systems, both cable cars and horsecars had ceased operation<\/a> in the city by 1917.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NYC\u2019s First Trains<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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By Detroit Publishing Co. This image is available from the United States Library of Congress’s Prints and Photographs division. Public Domain<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The forerunner of the modern subway was the elevated steam train, which\u2014after a few false starts\u2014chugged onto the scene in the late 1870s<\/a>. The \u201cel,\u201d as it was referred to by locals, was essentially a smaller version of the commercial steam trains being used to haul goods all across the country. These trains generated nearly-unendurable levels of noise and pollution, and their tracks blocked out much of the light on the dingy streets below, but they were capable of servicing far greater numbers of commuters than streetcars. The el radically changed the landscape of the city by making its outer reaches more accessible: for example, in the two decades after the Third Avenue el was extended to the Bronx, the borough\u2019s population quintupled<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps even more crucially, the el also helped to free up the city\u2019s streets, which had at this point become perilously difficult for pedestrians to navigate. City traffic only worsened after the Ford model T, the first mass-produced automobile<\/a>, hit the market in 1908. Automobile fever swept the city in the first decades of the 20th century and contributed to the extinction of the streetcar by the late 1950s, aided by a direct criminal conspiracy<\/a> orchestrated by General Motors, Standard Oil, and Firestone Tires to drive streetcar companies out of business and replace them with busses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 1950s also saw the end of the el, which ran its last train in 1955<\/a>. City developers knew that its replacement would also need to avoid competing with street-level traffic\u2014but instead of turning their eyes skyward, they looked underground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Debut of the Subway<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Photo by Femke Ongena on Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

New York City\u2019s first publicly-accessible subway opened on October 27th, 1904<\/a> and ran from City Hall to 145th Street. Construction had begun in 1900, prompted in part by the paralyzing impact of the Great Blizzard of 1888<\/a> on surface-level transportation systems within the city, and was completed by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. The new subway cars were powered by a direct current provided via an electrified third rail<\/a> and thus generated substantially less pollution than the el trains. On the subway\u2019s opening day, city residents were gob smacked to witness the subway traverse the length of the city in exactly twenty-six minutes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The subway remained under the private operation of the IRT and its competitor, Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit, until 1940, when the city\u2019s municipal government succeeded in buying them out<\/a> and centralized the city\u2019s rapidly-expanding subway lines under the helm of \u201cThe New York City Transit System.\u201d In 1968, the MTA was established<\/a> by the New York State Legislature to shift control of New York City\u2019s public transportation to the state level. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, the subway remains a crucial part of life for many New Yorkers: in 2019, the subway system saw an annual total ridership of nearly 1.7 billion<\/a>. And, despite its many flaws, the New York City Subway is undeniably a miracle of modern efficiency compared to its slower, clunkier, and (quite literally) crappier predecessors. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We all know New Yorkers love to complain about the subway. However, our current transit system doesn\u2019t seem so bad when you consider that commuters in centuries past had to deal with such inconveniences as literal tons of horse dung piled on street corners and risking life and limb dodging cable cars on Union Square\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Evolution of Public Transit in NYC - Real Estate Topics, Tips, and Guides<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Evolution of Public Transit in NYC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We all know New Yorkers love to complain about the subway. However, our current transit system doesn\u2019t seem so bad when you consider that commuters in centuries past had to deal with such inconveniences as literal tons of horse dung piled on street corners and risking life and limb dodging cable cars on Union Square\u2019s […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Real Estate Topics, Tips, and Guides\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/renthopapartments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-08T19:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-22T15:36:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/horse-and-buggy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"588\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"415\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Faye\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@renthop\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@renthop\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Faye\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Faye\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c88e3e67282efe8cff953d8632a949ec\"},\"headline\":\"The Evolution of Public Transit in NYC\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-08T19:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-22T15:36:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/\"},\"wordCount\":1179,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/horse-and-buggy.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"New York Living\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.renthop.com\/blog\/evolution-of-public-transit-nyc\/\",\"name\":\"The Evolution of Public Transit in NYC - 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